Form 3 PMR Science Chapter 3 Excretory System
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Form 3 PMR Science Chapter 3 Excretory System
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Form 3 PMR Science Chapter 3 Excretory System
- 2. Chemical Processes in the Use up Body Oxygen Glucose Amino Acids Water Nutrients Water, Produce Mineral salts, Carbon dioxide Urea, Water Carbon Dioxide, Urea Heat Heat Toxic Chemicals
- 3. Excretory Organs in Human Urinary System Lungs Skin Why waste products must be excreted out of the body??? Liver
- 5. 2
- 8. Location of the Kidney
- 9. Kidney Function • Detoxify blood • Increase calcium absorption o calcitriol • Stimulate RBC production o erythropoietin • Regulate blood pressure and electrolyte balance o renin
- 10. Structure of the Urinary System • Two Kidneys • Two Ureters • Bladder • Urethra
- 11. The Blood Supply to the Kidney
- 16. Filtration system in the Kidney Filtration Mineral salts Sugar Amino Acids Waste-Urea Reabsorption All Sugar All amino acids Mineral Salts Water
- 17. Function of the Kidney • Filter blood in order to remove cellular waste products from the body. • Maintain chemical composition, pH and water level • At any given time, 20 % of blood is in the kidneys. Humans can function with one kidney. • If one ceases to work, the other increases in size to handle the workload.
- 18. Cellular waste • urea o (a nitrogenous waste produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein. It is the main component of urine) • uric acid o (usually produced from breakdown of DNA or RNA) • creatinine o (waste product of muscle action).
- 19. Composition of Chemicals in the Body Substance Blood in Kidney Urine renal artery tubules (filter system) Glucose 2.0 2.0 0 Mineral salts 10.0 10.0 17.0 Amino acids 0.9 0.9 0 Protein 88.0 0 0 Urea 0.5 20.0 20.0 RBC & WBC 47% 0% 0
- 20. Kidney failure • Urinary Tract Infection • Kidney Stone • Kidney Infection • Diabetic Nephropathy • Hypertension • Glomerulonephritis • HIV nephropathy
- 21. Kidney Stone
- 22. Treatment of Kidney Failure -Dialysis- • ½ of patients with kidney disease eventually require dialysis • Diffuse harmful waste out of body • Control BP • Keep safe level of chemicals in body • If dialysis cannot work, the patient has to undergo kidney transplant
- 23. Hemodialysis • 3-4 times a week • Takes 2-4 hours • Machine filters blood and returns it to body
- 24. Peritoneal Dialysis • Abdominal lining filters blood • 3 types o Continuous ambulatory o Continuous cyclical o Intermittent